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    山东省黄前流域土壤可蚀性空间分布特征

    Spatial distribution characteristics of soil erodibility in Huangqian watershed of Shandong province

    • 摘要: 为探究山东省黄前流域土壤对侵蚀的敏感程度,阐明流域土壤可蚀性空间分布特征,通过土壤样品采集、室内试验,采用EPIC模型与径流小区观测资料进行土壤可蚀性因子K修正,利用序贯高斯模拟法进行K空间预测与制图及精度验证,并对比简单克里金法插值结果,明确流域土壤可蚀性空间分布规律,根据空间叠加进一步探讨海拔和土地利用类型等环境因子对K的影响。结果表明:1)黄前流域45个样地的K介于0.01120.0456 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm)之间,平均值为0.0334 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm),为中可蚀性等级,泥砂质潮棕壤、典型红黏土相对较高,但典型红黏土、麻砂质酸性粗骨土内部大小差异性更为明显。2)黄前流域序贯高斯模拟200次的K介于0.02930.0436 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm)之间,均值0.0367 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm),较好地解决简单克里金法的“平滑效应”,保留K值数据特征;均方根误差和平均绝对误差均小于简单克里金法,精度优于简单克里金法;在空间上呈现流域北部和西南部低、中部和东南部高的空间分布规律,以中可蚀性土壤等级为主。3)黄前流域K受海拔和土地利用类型的影响较为明显,随海拔升高K呈降低的趋势;不同土地利用类型K表现出果园 > 其他林地 > 乔木林地 > 灌木林地的趋势。研究结果可为流域土壤可蚀性空间分异特征和水土流失预报及防治提供参考。

       

      Abstract:
      Background Soil is the main object of water erosion, and its inherent physical and chemical properties determine its ability to resist water erosion, thus affecting the size of water erosion intensity and the development of erosion process, which is usually measured by the K value in the world. The Huangqian watershed of Shandong province has a wide distribution of gardens and forests, but the terrain is undulating, with steep sloped being the majority and severe soil desertification. Studying the sensitivity of soil to erosion and finding out the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erodibility is of great significance to the soil erosion prediction and control in the Huangqian watershed of Shandong province.
      Methods In this paper, the K value of soil erodibility was calculated through field soil sample collection, laboratory test and the EPIC model and modified by using the runoff plot observation data in the Huangqian watershed of Shandong province, and the spatial prediction and mapping and accuracy verification of the K value were conducted by sequential Gaussian simulation method comparing to the simple Kriging interpolation results, and the spatial differentiation characteristics of the K values were obtained and the effects of altitude and land use type on K were analyzed using spatial superposition analysis technique.
      Results 1) The K values of 45 sample sites in this study area ranged from 0.0112 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm) to 0.0456 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm), with the average of 0.0334 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm), indicating medium erodibility. The muddy sandy aquatic-brown soil and typical red clay were relatively high, but the difference of internal size between typical red clay and sandy acidic coarse bone soil is more obvious. 2) The K values of sequential Gaussian simulation with 200 times in this study area ranged from 0.0293 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm) to 0.0436 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm), with the average of 0.0367 t·hm2·h/(MJ·hm2·mm), which better solved the “smoothing effect” of the simple Kriging method and retained the data characteristics of the K values, and the root mean square error and mean absolute error were smaller than that of the simple Kriging method, better than that of the simple Kriging method in the accuracy. The spatial differentiation of the K values in this study area showed a trend of low in the north and southwest and high in the middle and southeast, and the most widely distributed soil erodibility grade is the medium erodible. 3) The altitude and land use type had a significant effect on the K values in this study area, showing the decrease trend with the increase of altitude in general, and the trend of orchard > other forest land > arbor forest land > shrub land in different land use types.
      Conclusions This study can provide reference for the spatial characteristics of soil erodibility and the prediction and control of soil and water loss in the watershed and scientific guidance for managing the risk of soil erodibility in the Huangqian watershed of Shandong province.

       

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