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    巴彦淖尔市生态系统服务价值演化分析

    Evolutionary analysis of ecosystem service value in Bayannur city

    • 摘要: 为研究黄河流域中游城市土地资源可持续利用与生态环境保护建设,基于土地利用数据,以巴彦淖尔市为例,综合运用生态系统服务价值(ESV)当量因子法、全局空间自相关等方法,探索ESV时空变化特征和影响因素。结果表明:1)2000—2020年,草地、荒漠和耕地比例最高(合计约97%),均匀分布在东北部、西北部和南部等地。除草地外其余土地类型面积均有所增加,草地面积减少10%,均转移至荒漠和耕地。2)ESV总量呈现先增加后减少的发展趋势,前10年增加34.41亿元,后10年减少113.08亿元,草地(77%)和水文调节(24%)对全市ESV的贡献最高。3)ESV空间分布在时间尺度上具有显著的差异性,2000年以后ESV价值等级和聚集格局在空间上逐渐分散,空间破碎化程度上升。4)除食物生产与其他生态系统服务之间具有较强权衡关系外,主要以协同关系为主。5)草地面积减少是造成全市ESV总量减少和空间格局破碎的主要因素之一,研究区应持续扩大林草面积,提升区域生态系统服务价值。研究成果为黄河流域中游地区城市探索生态产品价值实现提供重要借鉴。

       

      Abstract:
      Background Bayannur city, situated in the western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at the apex of the Yellow River's "几"-shaped bend, serves as a critical safeguard for water ecological security in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Characterized by diverse ecosystem types, it holds an irreplaceable strategic role in advancing ecological conservation and high-quality development across the Yellow River Basin. Investigating the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of land use and ecosystem service values in this region carries significant implications for guiding sustainable land resource management and ecological protection initiatives in mid-basin cities of the Yellow River.
      Methods Based on five-period land use datasets (2000 to 2020) of Bayannur city, this study employed an integrated approach combining land use transition matrix, ecosystem service value (ESV) equivalent factor method, global spatial autocorrelation analysis, and trade-off and synergy degree (TSD) model to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics and influencing factors of ESV under land use changes at a 3 km × 3 km grid scale.
      Results 1) From 2000 to 2020, grassland, desert, and cultivated land accounted for the highest proportions (totaling approximately 97%) and were distributed across northeastern, northwestern, and southern regions of Bayannur city. Over the 20-year period, the grassland area decreased by 10%, with the reduced grassland areas being converted into desert and cultivated land. Meanwhile, the areas of other land types increased. 2) The total ESV demonstrated a trend of initial increase followed by decline. Over the first decade, ESV increased by 3.441*108 Yuan, while it decreased by 11.308*108 Yuan in the subsequent decade. Grassland’s ESV constituted the largest proportion, with an annual average contribution of approximately 77%, and its trend mirrored the changes in grassland area. Hydrological regulation services (24%) formed the primary components of the city’s ESV. Over the 20-year period, food production services increased by 159*106 Yuan, while all other ecosystem service categories experienced declines. 3) The spatial distribution of ESV showed significant temporal variability. After 2000, both the value classes and clustering patterns of ESV gradually became more spatially dispersed, accompanied by an increase in spatial fragmentation. 4) From 2000 to 2020, the relationships among ecosystem services in Bayannur city were predominantly synergistic, except for a strong trade-off between food production and other ecosystem services. 5) The reduction in grassland area was one of the key factors contributing to the decline in total ESV and the spatial fragmentation across the city.
      Conclusions The study area should prioritize expanding forestland and grassland coverage to enhance regional ESV. The findings of this research provide critical insights for cities in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin to advance the realization of eco-product value.

       

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