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    种植多年生草本植物对黑土抗侵蚀能力的综合影响

    The comprehensive effect of planting perennial grass on the erosion resistance of black soil

    • 摘要: 因长期传统耕作及独特的侵蚀环境,导致东北黑土区坡耕地水土流失和土壤质量退化严重。筛选适宜的水土保持草种及播种方式,是通过生物措施阻控土壤侵蚀的重要基础。笔者以东北黑土区未种植多年生草本植物的裸地小区为对照,从土壤基本理化性质、团聚体稳定性、抗蚀性、抗冲性、抗剪强度5方面对比分析,综合评价种植一年后不同乡土草本植物(披碱草、草地早熟禾、无芒雀麦)、引进草本植物(高羊茅、黑麦草)以及不同播种方式(单种:无芒雀麦、高羊茅、黑麦草;混播:无芒雀麦–高羊茅–黑麦草组合)的土壤抗侵蚀能力差异。研究发现:1)无芒雀麦–高羊茅–黑麦草组合可显著降低土壤密度,提高饱和持水量;草地早熟禾、无芒雀麦单种可显著提高土壤总孔隙度;2)种植草本植物能够显著增加土壤抗蚀性和抗冲性,同时增加0.50~< 1.00 mm粒径水稳性土壤团聚体质量分数,其中草地早熟禾增幅最大,是裸地的1.30倍;3)土壤黏聚力对土壤抗剪强度的影响大于内摩擦角,黑麦草的土壤黏聚力显著大于其他处理,是裸地的1.72倍。种植多年生草本植物均能提高土壤抗侵蚀能力,乡土草种披碱草的效果最好,无芒雀麦–高羊茅–黑麦草组合次之。研究结果可为黑土区水土保持草种及播种方式选择、退化生态系统植被修复提供参考。

       

      Abstract:
      Background The traditional cultivation and unique erosion environment in the black soil region of Northeast China has caused serious problems, such as the loss of soil and water and the degredation of soil quality. Facing the threat of soil eorsion, the improvement of the soil erosion resistance is crucial to protect and utilize the black soil resource sustainably. Ecological restoration is one of the effective measures to improve the erosion resistance of soil, and the effect of different vegetations on soil erosion resistance varies according to the plant varieties and configuration methods.
      Methods In order to determine suitable perennial grass species and sowing methods for preventing further soil erosion, taking the bare soil without perennial grass as control, the comparative and comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the soil erosion resistance of different native grass species (Elymus dahuricus, Poa pratensis, Bromus inermis), introduced grass species (Festuca elata, Lolium perenne) and different sowing methods (single species: B. inermis, F. elata, L. perenne; mixed sowing: B. inermisF. elata – L. perenne) after one year of planting and based on five aspects: Soil basic physical and chemical properties, soil aggregate stability, soil anti-erodibility, soil anti-scourability and shear strength.
      Results 1) The combination of B. inermisF. elata – L. perenne significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil saturated water capacity; P. pratensis and B. inermis significantly increased the total soil porosity. 2) Planting perennial grass significantly increased soil anti-erodibility and soil anti-scourability and increased the content of water-stable soil aggregates of 0.50– < 1.00 mm in diameter. Among them, the increase of P. pratensis was the largest, which was 1.30 times that of bare soil. 3) The effect of cohesion on soil shear strength was greater than that of internal friction angle, and the cohesion of L. perenne was significantly greater than that of other treatments, 1.72 times that of bare soil.
      Conclusions Planting perennial grass can improve soil erosion resistance, the native grass of E. dahuricus is the best, followed by the combination of B. inermisF. elata – L. perenne. The results can provide references for the selection of grass species and sowing methods for soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration of degraded ecosystems in black soil areas.

       

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