Abstract: The Pisha sandstone area is the region most severely affected by water-wind-freeze-thaw compound erosion and vegetation degradation in the Yellow River Basin. In this area, the ecological issues of compound erosion and vegetation degradation at the interfaces of the interbedded thin-layer rock-soil-sand structure are prominent, making it a key focus for the protection and management of the ecologically fragile zones of the Yellow River Basin. This study aims to reveal the existing problems and development trends in research on compound erosion-vegetation processes in the Pisha sandstone area, and to propose key scientific issues that need to be addressed in the future, thereby providing theoretical and methodological support for the restoration and protection of fragile ecological areas. This study reviews recent research progress on the interactions of multi-force compound erosion, vegetation succession and distribution characteristics, the response mechanisms of vegetation processes under multi-force stresses, and the dynamic processes and degradation thresholds of ecological succession in the Pisha sandstone area. It is recognized that current research, both domestically and internationally, has not yet clarified the causes and response relationships behind the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation driven by multiple forces within the compound erosion system. Furthermore, it remains difficult to analyze the driving mechanisms of the vegetation degradation processes in the Pisha sandstone area. In the future, it is necessary to adopt the perspective of an ecological open system driven by the coupled dynamic fields of "water-soil-atmosphere-biology-geography" using entropy change as a response indicator, to develop analytical methods for ecological dynamic fields and ecosystem entropy change. This helps to reveal the dynamic mechanisms of ecological degradation driven by coupled multi-agent dynamic fields, and further to deepen the understanding of vegetation degradation mechanisms under multi-force stresses.