Abstract: Background Ecological restoration project is the use of artificial means to maintain the stability of the ecological structure in ecologically fragile areas, thereby realizing the benefits of soil and water conservation. Global climate change has an impact on the ecological restoration process, especially extreme events such as droughts and high temperatures. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with plants, enhancing their tolerance to stress condition. The condition of mycorrhizal infection is a prerequisite for determining the positive response of mycorrhiza-plant symbiont to subsequent environmental stress. However, the situation of mycorrhizal colonization in response to drought-alkaline stress after mycorrhizal inoculation in artificial ecological restoration substrates is still unclear. Methods Vegetation concrete ecological protection technology is widely applied in the ecological restoration and soil and water conservation of various soil and rock slopes, hardened slopes and rock slopes. To explore the regulatory effects of AMF inoculation on the colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Vegetation Concrete under the drought-alkaline stress is necessary,. this This study adopted pot experiment and used Festuca arundinacea as a model species, and setting with cement (C) (as alkaline condition) and without cement (C0) as controls under three levels of drought stress (SD, severe drought: 30% water content; MD, moderate drought: 50% water content; WW, normal drought: 75% water content). The treatments included inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri), a mixed inoculation of both (FR，50% Fm + 50% Ri), and a non-inoculated control (CK). Before inoculation with AMF, all treated substrates were sterilized. After 30 and 60 days, the above and below ground biomass of F. arundinacea, AMF biomass and AMF infection rates were measured and mycorrhizal effects was analyzed. Results The results showed that (1) compared to the CK, AMF inoculation significantly increased the biomass of F.arundinacea under drought-alkaline conditions, and single inoculation of Fm increased the aboveground biomass more significantly, while Ri was more beneficial to the aboveground biomass when single inoculation; (2) drought-alkaline stress affected AMF colonization, with Fm exhibiting the highest hyphal infection rate when inoculated alone, while single inoculation of Ri displayed higher arbuscular infection rates; (3) Under drought-alkaline stress, AMF biomass in Fm group was significantly higher than that in Ri group and FR group, and Ri group had the lowest biomass; (4) On the whole, the mycorrhizal effect was greater than zero showing an obvious mutualistic relationship. For Fm and FR, the mycorrhizal effect was the highest in SD group, while for Ri, the highest in WW group; (5) drought and alkaline stress affect AMF infection and plant growth, and there is a certain interaction between them. Conclusions These findings indicate that the symbiotic relationship between AMF and plants is species-specific and varies with the intensity of environmental stress. Both the single vaccination Fm and the double vaccination are superior to the single vaccination Ri. The results reveal that AMF improve the mycorrhizal infection characteristics of the host plant (F.arundinacea), by reducing underground biomass and increasing the distribution of aboveground biomass, thereby enhancing its tolerance to environmental stress. This research provides important theoretical support and practical guidance for vegetated concrete restoration projects under drought conditions and has significant implications for understanding how AMF promote plant growth and enhance the efficiency of vegetated concrete ecological restoration.