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    模拟多场次暴雨条件下三种草坪坡地水土流失特征

    The soil erosion characteristics of three lawn slopes under the condition of multiple rainstorms were simulated

    • 摘要: 水土流失是城市生态修复及建设面临的重要问题,目的为探究多场暴雨条件下的坡地草坪水土流失特征,方法采用径流小区室内人工模拟降雨方法,研究了6场暴雨(60mm.h-1)条件下,白三叶、黑麦草、狗牙根三种草坪坡地的水土流失特征。结果(1)白三叶和狗牙根草地产流时间呈先增加后下降趋势,黑麦草地无稳定规律,其中,狗牙根草地对径流的抑制及延缓效果最好,白三叶次之,黑麦草较差;(2)6场降雨下白三叶、黑麦草和狗牙根草坪的产流总量分别为133.02L、183.25L、143.32L,产沙总量分别为21.42g、9.39g、5.88g;白三叶总产流量比狗牙根和黑麦草低7.19%~27.41%,狗牙根总产沙量比黑麦草和白三叶低37.38%~72.55%。白三叶的减流效益最佳,狗牙根的减沙效果最好;(3)三种草坪坡地的径流与泥沙之间呈显著的幂函数关系,综合评价发现,狗牙根水土保持效益最优。结论多层次水平叶片、匍匐茎草本对于水土流失的抑制效果更佳。研究可为城市坡地草坪选用及草地水土流失、水土保持机制认识提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Background With the development of the city, the problem of soil erosion increases, seriously affecting the development and ecological stability of the city, the lawn is one of the main vegetation of the city, compared with the rest of the vegetation, the lawn has a good landscape effect, and the advantages of easy management, while the dense root system of the lawn and the high coverage rate can effectively reduce the urban soil erosion, increase water infiltration, so as to achieve the purpose of soil and water conservation, however, not all lawns are applicable to urban soil and water conservation measures, at present in many lawns in the white clover, ryegrass, Bermuda grass ;Methods In order to explore the soil erosion characteristics of slope lawn under the conditions of multiple rainstorms, the indoor artificial rainfall simulation method in the runoff community was used to study the characteristics of Trifolium repens L. and trifolium under six rainstorms (60 mm.h-1). Soil erosion characteristics of three lawn slopes: white clover and Bermuda grass ryegrass. Result The results showed that: (1) There was no significant difference in runoff time between the three lawns under rainfall, and the overall runoff time increased first and then decreased with the increase of rainfall. However, there was no stability in rye grassland, and the runoff retreat time was significantly different from that of P1 and P5 and P6, and the retreat time of 5~6 rainfall was 86.41%~178.75% higher than that of 1~2 rainfall, which showed an increasing trend overall. Among them, the Bermuda grass grassland had the best effect on inhibiting and delaying runoff, followed by white clover, and ryegrass was poor. (2) The total abortion of sediment in the six fields was 133.02 L and 21.42 g white clover, 183.25 L and 9.39 g of ryegrass, and 143.32 L and 5.88 g of Bermuda grass, respectively. The total yield of white clover alba was 7.19%~27.41% lower than that of Bermuda grass and Ryegrass, and the total sediment yield of Bermuda grass was 37.38%~72.55% lower than that of Ryegrass and White clover alba. The flow reduction effect of white clover was the best, and the sand reduction effect of Bermuda grass was the best. (3) Through the regression fitting analysis of the yield and sediment yield of the three lawns under different rainfalls, it was found that under different rainfalls, the sediment yield of the three lawns generally changed with the change of the runoff, and the sediment yield of the three lawns increased slowly with the increase of the runoff in the early rainfall period, and increased rapidly with the increase of the runoff in the later rainfall period, and there was a significant power function relationship between the runoff and sediment of the three lawn slopes, the comprehensive evaluation showed that the soil and water conservation benefits of Bermuda grass were the best. Conclusion It is found that multi-level horizontal leaf and stolons herbs can well delay the generation of rainfall runoff, thereby reducing the erosion of sediment on slope surface and reducing the loss of ground soil. This study can provide a reference for the selection of urban slope lawn and the understanding of grassland soil erosion and soil and water conservation mechanism.

       

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