Abstract: The Huicheng Basin constitutes a key ecological segment of the Western Qinling Mountains within China's north-south transitional zone. This study seeks to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil erosion and identify the associated driving factors within this region, thereby offering scientific evidence to support local ecological civilization initiatives. Huixian County was chosen as the research area. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model was utilized to evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns of soil erosion at the county level. Additionally, the Optimal Parameter Grouping Decomposition model was employed to investigate the factors influencing soil erosion variation. Results showed that： (1) The findings indicate that between 2000 and 2020, both the soil erosion modulus and the total soil erosion amount exhibited a significant downward trend. Minor erosion emerged as the predominant form of soil erosion, with its distribution gradually expanding over the study period. (2) Significant variations in soil erosion were observed across different land use types, slope gradients, and altitude zones. Among these, grasslands demonstrated the lowest soil erosion modulus and amount. The mid-altitude zone, ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 meters above sea level, experienced the highest intensity of minor and moderate-to-severe soil erosion. In areas where the slope gradient exceeded 25°, a substantial increase in the soil erosion modulus and amount was recorded. Conversely, when the slope gradient surpassed 35°, the area affected by all categories of soil erosion significantly decreased.(3) Vegetation cover was determined to be the primary factor influencing the spatial differentiation of soil erosion, with a contribution rate exceeding 34%. The interactions among various factors were found to exert a more pronounced influence on the spatial variation of soil erosion than individual factors. In particular, the interaction between vegetation cover and other factors significantly enhanced the impact on soil erosion. In Huixian County, soil erosion displayed distinct spatiotemporal variation. The soil erosion modulus and amount were found to have declined over time, with minor erosion becoming the dominant type. This trend suggests an improvement in soil and water conservation status. The study concludes that vegetation elements and their interactions with other factors must be taken into account in soil and water loss control strategies.