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    黄土高原土石山区不同林龄油松元素富集对土壤水分的响应

    Response of element enrichment of Pinus tabuliformis forests with different stand ages to soil moisture in rocky mountain area of Loess Plateau

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      目的 土壤水分作为限制黄土高原植被生长的关键要素，通过调控植物对土壤中元素的吸收，影响区域植被恢复效果。本研究旨在探究油松林土壤水分与元素吸收的关系，从而为理解植物干旱适应机制和优化人工林管理提供依据。
      方法 以黄土高原土石山区不同林龄油松林（8、10、12和16 a）为研究对象，探究土壤和植物叶片中的大量元素（N、P、K、Ca、Mg）、微量元素（Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Ni）和非必需元素（Cr、Pb、Cd、Al、Na）与土壤水分的耦合关系。
      结果 油松林土壤含水率随林龄呈先增后减的趋势，且不同林龄0～10 cm土层含水率（9.52%～13.59%）普遍高于10～20 cm土层（7.84%～12.23%）；不同林龄土壤中含有较多大量元素K（19%～69%）、Ca（10%～69%）、Mg（10%～23%），微量元素Fe（97%～99%），以及非必需元素Al（68%～89%）、Na（11%～32%），且不同林龄和土层油松林土壤中各元素浓度存在明显差异；油松叶片中含有较多大量元素N（32%～43%）、P（4%～32%）、K（11%～26%）、Ca（6%～34%），微量元素Fe（76%～90%）、Mn（4%～18%），以及非必需元素Na（68%～83%）、Al（16%～31%），其中部分元素浓度（P、Ca、Mn、Cd、Na等）对林龄变化较为敏感；不同林龄油松对土壤中N和P元素具有较强吸收能力，且干旱条件下油松对N、Mg、Mn、Na元素具有较强的富集效应，表明油松具有一定抗旱能力。
      结论 土壤水分对油松林元素的累积过程具有显著影响。合理调控土壤水分与元素水平，对于维持油松林生态系统的健康与稳定具有重要意义。

       

      Abstract:
      Objective Soil moisture, as a key factor limiting vegetation growth on the Loess Plateau, further affects regional ecological restoration effectiveness by regulating plant uptake of soil elements.
      Methods This study investigated the coupling relationships between soil moisture and macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni), and non-essential elements (Cr, Pb, Cd, Al, Na) in soils and needles of Pinus tabuliformis forests with different stand ages (8, 10, 12, and 16 years) in rocky mountain area of the Loess Plateau.
      Results Soil moisture content in P. tabuliformis forests initially increased and then decreased with stand age. Additionally, soil moisture content in the 0−10 cm soil layer (9.52%−13.59%) was generally higher than that in the 10-20 cm soil layer (7.84%−12.23%) across different stand ages. Soils with different stand ages contained relatively high proportions of macronutrients K (19%−69%), Ca (10%−69%), and Mg (10%−23%), as well as the micronutrient Fe (97%−99%) and non-essential elements Al (68%−89%) and Na (11%−32%). Significant differences in elemental concentrations were observed among different stand ages and soil layers. Needles of P. tabuliformis contained relatively high proportions of macronutrients N (32%−43%), P (4%−32%), K (11%−26%), and Ca (6%−34%), as well as the micronutrients Fe (76%−90%) and Mn (4%−18%), and the non-essential elements Na (68%−83%) and Al (16%−31%). Among these elements, the concentrations of P, Ca, Mn, Cd, and Na were relatively sensitive to changes in stand age. P. tabuliformis exhibited strong absorption capacity for N and P across different stand ages. It showed strong enrichment effects for N, Mg, Mn, and Na under drought conditions, suggesting a certain degree of drought tolerance.
      Conclusions Soil moisture significantly affects the elemental accumulation processes of P. tabuliformis forests. Therefore, rational regulation of soil moisture and elemental levels is essential for maintaining the health and stability of P. tabuliformis forest ecosystems.

       

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