Abstract: Objective Subalpine meadows are typically characterized by high altitudes and low temperatures, which make the collection of native seeds challenging. Using non-native seeds for sowing poses the risk of species invasion. Native turf transplantation is considered an effective method for vegetation restoration, but it is often associated with high costs. Therefore, this study conducted a simulation experiment on turf transplantation layout patterns, combined with engineering field validation, to explore a more economically feasible transplanting layout pattern. MethodsA simulated slope device was used to establish three transplanting layout patterns: 1/4, 2/4 (Checkerboard layout), and 3/4, with two treatments for each pattern: with and without seed bank soil backfilling. Vegetation growth was evaluated by measuring plant height, coverage, and uniformity, while soil shear strength and erosion resistance were assessed to evaluate water retention and soil stabilization effects. Furthermore, a grey relational analysis model was used to quantify the overall vegetation restoration effects of each treatment group, and the selected pattern was further validated under engineering field conditions. Results 1) In the simulation experiment, the 3/4 and 2/4 (Checkerboard layout) transplantation patterns performed best in terms of vegetation growth and soil conservation capacity, with vegetation coverage exceeding 95% in both patterns; 2) For vegetation restoration in subalpine meadow areas disturbed by engineering activities, the 2/4 (Checkerboard layout) pattern is recommended for native turf transplantation. Compared with the 3/4 transplantation pattern, this pattern reduces turf consumption and cost input by 33.3%, showing higher economic feasibility and practical application value; 3) Both the turf transplantation layout and the seed bank soil are key factors influencing the effectiveness of vegetation restoration. Conclusions Reasonable turf layout combined with the application of seed bank soil can ensure vegetation restoration effectiveness while achieving favorable ecological and economic benefits. The results of this study can provide theoretical support and technical reference for the practice of vegetation restoration of subalpine meadows in engineering-disturbed areas.