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    重庆四面山5种人工林土壤入渗特性对比

    Comparison of infiltration characteristics of five typical plantations in Simian mountain of Chongqing

    • 摘要: 为揭示人工林在生长过程中对森林水文功能的影响,于2013 年6—7 月,利用双环入渗法对三峡库区重庆四面山5 种人工林(杉木纯林、杉木+ 马尾松针叶混交林、木荷+ 杉木+ 马尾松针阔混交林、木荷+ 香樟+ 石栎+ 枫香阔叶混交林、木荷+ 石栎阔叶混交林)的土壤入渗特性进行研究,并与2008 年相同实验方法所得数据进行对比。结果表明:1)4 种混交林的土壤储水能力均大于杉木纯林,在5 种林地土壤饱和储水量中,杉木纯林2013 年比2008年减小11.76%,针叶混交林、针阔混交林、阔灌混交林、阔叶混交林2013 年较2008 年分别提高了19.24%、11.94%、17.98%和7.53%;2)人工林的生长可以增强林地的入渗能力,与2008 年相比,2013 年5 种林地的土壤水分入渗初渗速率分别增加了52.8%、115.8%、51.1%、15.9%和49.9%,平均入渗速率也有增加;3)对5 种林地的土壤水分入渗进行模拟,Horton 模型比Kostiakov 模型及Philip 模型模拟效果更好。

       

      Abstract: During June-July 2013, we investigated the soil permeability of five typical plantations, namely pure Cunninghamia lanceolata, C. lanceolata + Pinus massoniana, Schima superba + C. lanceolata + P. massoniana, S. superba + Cinnamomum camphora + Lithocarpus glaber + Liquidambar formosana, and S. superba + L. glaber plantations, with bicyclic infiltration method in Simian mountain of Chongqing City. Then we compared the results with those in 2008 which were obtained by using the same experimental method, in order to reveal the effect of the growth of plantation on forest hydrological function. Results indicated that: 1) The saturated soil-water holding capacity in mixed plantations was greater than that of the pure C. lanceolata plantation. Compared with 2008, such capacity in 2013 decreased by 11.76% in the pure C. lanceolata plantation, while it increased by 19.24% in the mixed coniferous plantation, 11.94% in the mixed broadleaf-conifer plantation, 17.98% in the mixed broadleaf-shrub plantation and 7.53% in the mixed broadleaf plantation. 2) In comparison with 2008 data, the initial rate of soil infiltration in 2013 in the above-mentioned plantations increased by 52.8%, 115.8%, 51.1%, 15.9% and 49.9%, respectively. 3) The Horton infiltration model has better simulation results than Kostiakov and Philip models for all the five typical plantations.

       

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