Abstract: To solve the problems of drought and soil erosion and water loss and increase benefit of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau in China,some basic questions of soil and water conservation were discussed and the meaning and relationships between rainwater resource utilization and soil and water conservation were analyzed.The results showed that controlling rainfall runoff,efficient use and conservation of water and soil resources are not only the strategic foundation but also the important tasks for soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau.The theory of rainwater resource utilization are the theoretical principle of technology realization of the effective transformation of rainwater resources.The rainwater might be used fully and the soil erosion and water loss could reduced in a large scale and the use efficiency of the precipitation resources at different level could be enhanced by uitilizing the rainfall power interception technology,the rainfall infiltration technology on the spot,the rainfall runoff collection technology,the rainfall runoff storage technology,and rainfall runoff use technology and so on.The converting of rainwater into resources and reducing the soil erosion and water loss by controlling rainfall runoff were a highly effective utilization technology.Not only was it an extremely practical effective convenient operable environmental protection technology,but also a systems engineering with the obvious long-term character and public interest characteristic.The future development of the rain water converting into resources technology would rely on the supporting and application of the high new technology.