Abstract: The variation of ecological environment conditions on the Yangtze River Basin is obvious in east-west orientation and perpendicularity with extruding soil erosin and water loss. The successful practice of Major Project of Soil and Water Conservation on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River shows that to start with the controlling of soil erosin and water loss, to follow the technique line of soil and water conservation is the only way and essential principles for the ecological construction in soil and water conservation in the Yangtze River Basin. It is thought that it is needed to intensify consciousness of ecological environment protection and execute the law strictly, to take living and working in peace and contentment as the presupposition, to build up new ideal of prevention and control, to solve the problem of water well, and to persist in the management taking Basin as a unit, unified plan, to regard the control of land slide, debris flow and slope collapse.