Abstract: In the first place it is needed to understand the Yellow River anew to study control direction of the lower reaches of it. The current Yellow River is characterized with greater reduction of runoff in comparison of reduced precipitation in some branches on the upper and middle reaches in dry year, increasing amount of water use for social economy and ecology, contemporary reduction of sediment entering the river and runoff. For the control of the Yellow River in the years to come, it is required to study the change in possibility of annual and flood season water flow, variation range of sediment and water reduction, and the feasibility to increase water flow in flood season. Along the lines of " Coexist with Nature in Consonance, the primitive precepts on the construction of ecological environment including control and development, soil and water conservation, recovery of vegetation, etc., in the Yellow River were summarized.