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    基于DEM的流域地貌气候瞬时单位线地貌参数的提取

    Extraction of geomorphic parameters for geomorpho-climatic instantaneous unit hydrograph based on DEM

    • 摘要: 地貌参数的提取是水文模型构建的基础,参数的准确与否直接关系到模型的精度。该文研究了基于DEM提取地貌气候瞬时单位线(R-VGIUH)地貌参数的方法:对流域DEM进行填洼处理;提取不同临界支撑面积下的河网;分析临界支撑面积的取值对所提取的河网总长度和平均坡降的影响;确定反映流域河流地貌发育的流域临界支撑面积;计算流域相应的各项地貌参数。将该方法应用于山西省吉县的冯家圪垛小流域(17.98 km2),提取的河网与实际情况比较符合,计算出的地貌参数河数率(4.6083)、河长率(2.5928)、面积率(3.3999)均符合通过大量自然水系资料分析确定的取值范围。研究方法排除了选取集水面积阈值时的主观性,提高了提取流域地貌参数的精度。

       

      Abstract: Extraction of geomorphic parameters is the foundation of constructing hydrological model,so the precision of extraction of geomorphic parameters affects the accuracy of hydrological model.This paper studied on the method of geomorphic parameters for Geomorpho-Climatic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph(R-V GIUH) by DEM: dealing with the sink-filling problem of DEM;extracting channel network of different critical support area;analysing on the effects of the critical support area on both the total length and the average slope of the extracted channel network;determining the critical support area for channel development;calculating the geomorphic parameters of watershed for the convergence model of R-V GIUH. The method is applied in Fengjiageduo small watershed(17.98 km2).The results showed that the extracted drainage networks are reasonably close to the reality,and Horton's bifurcation ratio(4.608 3),area ratio(2.592 8),length ratio calculated(3.399 9) are in the proper range which is determined by analysing lots of data of nature water systems.The proposed approach removes the subjective decision on the choice of drainage area threshold,and improves exactness of extracting geomorphic parameters.

       

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