Abstract: In order to find out the adaptability of protective farming technology in dryland of North China,the influence of protective farming on surface runoff,evaporation,soil water amount in soil layers of 0-50 cm,water use efficiency and wheat yield were studied with the method of covering and free farming,covering and deep loosening and so on.The results show that the surface runoff of protective farming decreased by 57.3% than that of traditional farming;rainwater permeation amount increased by 98.6%;stored soil water amount increased by 10.5%;evaporating amount decreased by 11.2%;effective water for crops growing increased by 19.7 mm;wheat yield per unit area increased by 12.2%.The experiments indicated that protective farming was an effective farming method of controlling water erosion and increasing wheat yield in dryland of North China and suitable to spread.