Abstract: Soil erosion is the No.1 environmental problem in China.This article expounded construction of the Soil and Water Conservation in the new period in nine respects as follows: carrying out soil and water conservation advocacy effectively;reforming and innovating Programming of Soil and Water Conservation;implementing soil and water conservation monitoring seriously;improving legislation and law enforcement supervision;increasing investment and incentive;strengthening research on soil and water conservation;combining the construction with the traditional soil and water conservation measures;promote scientific and technological progress,expand international exchanges and cooperation.Some recommendations are proposed too.