Abstract: In order to provide scientific basis for vegetation restoration of abandoned farmlands in the Hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau,it is important to study the relation between vegetation variation and environmental factors.Based on observation of 42 plots of abandoned farmland in Ansai,affection of local environment factors on vegetation restoration was analysised from single factor,packet variables and significant factors through Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Partial Canonical Correspondence Analysis.The results show that key environment factors affecting variation of vegetation on abandoned cropland in the Hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau are soil organic matter,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,soil water content(0-40 cm),soil invertase,soil structural index,<0.001 mm clay,aspect,and abandonment age of cropland.To promote the progress of vegetation restoration on abandoned cropland,it is essential following natural restoration domination and artificial regulation assisted such as transplanting or applying fertilizers.