Abstract: Based on the study on the water balance and principle of wind prevention of sand-fixingPopulus forest belt with low vegetation coverage ( 15% -25%), the vegetation communities were investigated. In order to reveal the effects of sand-fixing forest belt on the natural vegetation restoration, the recovery process and species diversity difference of vegetation were studied under different interband istances and varied recovery years of sand-fixing forest belts in Aohan, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia.The results show that ： 1 ) the vegetation recovering effects depends on the distance of Populus forest belts. The rational distance will significantly improve vegetation recovery effect； 2) after the same recovering period, the vegetation with the interband distance of 20 m has better recovery effects than those of 15 m and 10 m, and has more stable community； 3) with interband distance 20 m of sand-fixing forest,the vegetation could grow to natural community after many years, whereas, vegetation will develop to sparse with interband distance 10 m.