Abstract: Taking conventional cultivation of Arachis hypogaea as control, effects of different soil and water conservation measures were analyzed at sloping Arachis hypogaea land with red soil by using runoff plot experiment. The measures are Arachis hypogaea+ grass hedge, Arachis hypogaea + cover + grass hedge, and Arachis hypogaea+ cover. This experiment began in April after determination of Arachis hypogaea planting, and ended in August after Arachis hypogaea harvest. Results showed that: 1) The surface runoff of three kinds of measures increased with the increase of daily rainfall; 2) the surface runoff and soil erosion of three kinds of measures differed significantly with control (P<0.01). That Arachis hypogaea + cover + grass hedge should be the effective Arachis hypogaea soil and water conservation measure at sloping Arachis hypogaesa with red soil.