Abstract: Soil erosion is a severe onging problem in Northeastern China. To give basis to soil and water conservation plan and soil erosion prediction, the effects of different conservation practices on runoff and sediment reduction are urgently to be studied. From 17 runoff plots in four watersheds, runoff and sediment records of 343 soil erosion events were collected to estimate the effects of soil and water conservation practices. The practice factors of seven soil and water conservation types were calculated, and they were 0.020 for engineering-control factor for terrace, 0.061 for cut-off drain, 0.054 for biological-control factor of shrubs, 0.363 for natural ecosystem rehabilitation, 0.624 for tillage factor for up-down slope tillage with soybeans, 0.257 for contour tillage with soybeans, and 0.186 for counter ridge combing with vegetation stripes. The results of this study could be applied in soil erosion prediction by using soil erosion model.