Abstract: System establishment is the primary work of soil and water conservation monitoring. It is very importance and significative to achieve institutionalized and scientific for the overall processes. The elementary institutional system in China, which can be divided into the following three parts, has been established since 1991. The laws and regulations include Law of the People's Republic of China on Soil and Water Conservation and the implementation regulations of State Council and regulations of Ministry of Water Resources and provincial laws. Normative documents can be divided into five sections such as compositive management and monitoring network management, etc. The third part is technical standard system, including 15 promulgated standards and 15 intending to promulgate. All of these institutions are to promote the works of soil and water conservation monitoring.