Abstract: Soil and water loss in Pinus massoniana woodland has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved to control soil and water loss in hilly red soil regions of southern China. Based on the analysis of status and distribution features of soil and water loss in Pinus massonian woodland, the main factors resulted in the soil and water loss are discussed, such as status of understory vegetation, human disturbance, topography, rainfall erosion force and soil properties. It indicates that lack of understory vegetation is the most primary and direct reason for the erosion in Pinus massoniana woodland; while predatory human disturbances is considered to be the basic reason, and the broken terrain, high rainfall erosion force and soil erodibility supply favorable conditions for the occurrence of soil and water loss understory. It also summarizes the successful experiences of treatment of soil and water loss in Pinus massoniana woodland, such as micro-slope reconstruction, replanting understory and enclosure-conservation, aiming at providing reference for controlling soil and water loss under the Pinus massoniana forest in future.