Abstract: Freezing and thawing action causes soil and water losses, so that inorganic pollutants including phosphorus are released to downstream water-body (e.g.,rivers and lakes). Non-point source pollution is likely to happen, which gives rise to some problems, such as decline of soil fertility and deterioration of ecological environment. Firstly, the effects of freezing and thawing on phosphorus transformation and migration were introduced from three aspects, phosphorus in farmland soil, phosphorus in plant body and phosphorus of microbial biomass; and then, some measures to prevent and cure phosphorus losses derived from freezing and thawing were put forward, such as application of organic fertilizer, proper close planting, restoring and improving vegetation, closed forest, conversion of cropland to forest and grass and so on. Finally, future promising studies on effects of freezing and thawing on phosphorus transformation and migration were predicted, which include mechanism of migration and transformation of soil phosphorus in horizontal and vertical direction, mechanism of migration and transformation of phosphorus in plant body, mechanism of migration and transformation of phosphorus of microbial biomass, models of phosphorus losses during freezing and thawing process.