Abstract: To solve the difficult of social and economic benefit evaluation in the process of controlling rocky desertification in southwest of China, a case study was conducted in Liuzhi special region. This paper established the quantitative evaluation system of social and economic benefits in the rocky desertificated management region based on 16 factors as evaluation index from 6 aspects which were land utilization, industrial structure, output growth rate, output value structure, consumption structure and growth rate of per capita net income. Social and economic benefits were quantificational evaluatedby the analytical hierarchy process to determine weights and hierarchical multi-level comprehensive evaluation method to establish evaluation model. Results showed that the evaluation indexes of land utilization,industrial structure, output growth rate, output value structure, consumption structure and growth rate ofper capita net income increased as time went on. In detail, land utilization index increased from 0.807 4 to 0.862 3, industrial structure index increased from 0.470 8 to 0.598 6, output growth rate index increased from 0.568 4 to 0.804 8, output value structure index increased from 0.625 6 to 0.599 9,consumption structure index increased from 0.666 1 to 0.770 7 and growth rate of per capita net income index increased from 0.380 9 to 0.733 2. The socio- economic evaluation index in Liuzhi management region increased from the 0.533 3 in 2008 to 0.672 0 in 2013, which indicated the rocky desertification control project was effective.