Review and Prospects of complex erosion-vegetation process in Pisha sandstone area of Yellow River

Background The Pisha sandstone area is the area with the most severe water-wind-freeze-thaw complex erosion and vegetation degradation in the Yellow River Basin, and the ecological problems of complex erosion and vegetation degradation at the rock-soil-sand interlaced thin layer texture interface in this area are prominent, which is the focus of the protection and management of the ecologically fragile areas in the Yellow River Basin. The study aims to reveal the problems and development trends in the study of the complex erosion-vegetation process in Pisha sandstone area, and put forward some key scientific problems that need to be solved in this field in the future, so as to provide theoretical and methodological support for the restoration and protection of fragile ecological areas. Methods This study reviews the research progress in the interaction of multi-dynamic complex erosion in Pisha sandstone area, vegetation succession and distribution characteristics in Pisha sandstone area, response mechanism of vegetation process under multi-dynamic action, and ecological succession dynamic process and degradation criticality in recent decades. Results It is recognized that the cause and response relationship of vegetation spatial heterogeneity driven by multiple dynamics of complex erosion system at home and abroad has not been clarified, and it is difficult to analyze the driving mechanism of vegetation degradation process in Pisha sandstone area. Conclusion In the future, it is necessary to construct an analysis method of ecological dynamic field and ecosystem entropy change from the perspective of "water-soil-gas-bio-land" dynamic field coupling driven by entropy change response marker, reveal the dynamic mechanism of ecological degradation driven by multiple dynamic field coupling, further deepen the understanding of vegetation degradation mechanism under multiple dynamic stress. Keywords: complex erosion; Vegetation; interactivity; ecological degradation; the Pisha sandstone area